| Botanical Name | Cyperus rotundus L. | Origin | Iran |
| Family & Genus | Cyperaceae, Cyperus genus | Parts of Plant | Root |
| Agriculture | Conventional | Manufacturing Method | Direct collection |
| Appearance | Dried rhizome spindle‑shaped, 1.5‑3.5 cm long, 0.5‑1 cm diameter. Purple‑brown to dark‑brown outer surface with distinct raised nodes and residual brown fibrous root hairs. Firm texture. Fracture yellowish‑brown to reddish‑brown, starchy or slightly keratinous. Both ends slightly tapering, jujube‑kernel‑shaped. | Odour | characteristic spicy‑cool herbal‑medicinal aroma with woody‑earthy‑nutty undertones, good tenacity |
| Specific Components | Main Constituents: Volatile oil 0.65‑1.4 % dominated by sesquiterpenes: α‑cyperone, β‑cyperone, cyperene, cyperol, β‑selinene, rotundone;Others: starch, flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, rutin), triterpenes, phytosterols, tannins, phenolic acids, trace alkaloids. | ||
Nutgrass Rhizome
Nutgrass (Purple nutsedge). Perennial herb of Cyperaceae family. Swollen spindle‑shaped underground rhizome is the commercial raw material. It is both a classical herbal medicine and key oriental perfumery material, historically known as “Sparrow‑head incense”. Rhizomes can be steam‑distilled into nutgrass rhizome essential oil for perfumery, incense, Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Vigorous invasive weed across tropical‑subtropical zones.
