| Botanical Name | Peganum harmala L. | Origin | Iran |
| Family & Genus | Zygophyllaceae, Peganum genus | Parts of Plant | Seeds |
| Agriculture | Conventional | Manufacturing Method | Direct collection |
| Appearance | Angular‑triangular seeds, 2‑3 mm long; rough pitted surface; dark‑brown to blackish‑brown; hard textur | Odour | Heavy earthy‑herbal smoky aroma with bitter‑medicinal undertones. Strong smoky‑herbal scent when burnt as incense. |
| Specific Components | β‑carboline alkaloids(key constituents): Harmine, Harmaline, Harmol, Harmalol;Quinazoline alkaloids: Vasicine, deoxyvasicinone;Also anthraquinones, flavonoids, polysaccharides, phytosterols. | ||
Syrian Rue Seeds
Syrian rue, not a true rue species. Perennial drought‑tolerant desert shrub of Zygophyllaceae. Seeds are rich in β‑carboline alkaloids. Widely used for incense, folk rituals and traditional herbal practices in ancient Central‑West Asia. Rarely used in modern perfumery mainly for incense material. Seeds carry strong neuro‑toxicity; internal ingestion is strictly forbidden.
