| Botanical Name | Ferula Moschata (Reinsch) Koso-Pol. | Origin | Iran |
| Family & Genus | Ferula genus, Apiaceae Family | Parts of Plant | Root |
| Agriculture | Conventional | Manufacturing Method | Direct collection |
| Appearance | Outer surface dusky‑yellow, deeply wrinkled, often with fibrous sheath residues. Inner texture spongy‑fibrous, yellowish‑brown. Porous‑spongy fracture. | Odour | Characteristic soft musk‑like animalic note, balsamic‑amber undertones, slightly bitter‑pungent. |
| Specific Components | Volatile oil 0.2‑0.4% (sesquiterpenes dominant); resin 5‑15%; coumarins (umbelliferone); sumbulic acid, angelic acid; ferulic‑acid derivatives; gum‑polysaccharides. | ||
Sumbul Root
Sumbul (Musk‑root), an aromatic Ferula species from Central Asia. Its dried root‑rhizome is rich in oleoresin. Historically used as a botanical substitute for animal musk in perfumery, incense and traditional herbal systems. Distinct from common asafoetida, with almost no sulfur‑garlic odour.
